The formula
Ectoin
Ectoin is made by bacteria that live in salt lakes and hot springs, where they hold on to water in conditions that ought to make that impossible. It is produced for cosmetic use by fermentation rather than harvested.
In a hydrogel its job is straightforward: keep water at the surface for the length of the treatment, and for a while after it.
Holds water at the surface
Made by fermentation
Face and neck, in the hydrogel